There are many types of mortgage arround the world but there are also several unique factors
that define the characteristics of the mortgage such as: interest, terms, payment and prepayment.
There are two basic mortgage types, the amortized loans available in most of the countries arround the world: the fixed rate mortgage and the adjustable rate mortgage (variable rate mortgage). In United States, the fixed rate mortgages are considered as standard loans but in other countries the variable ones are. It all depends on the local law. Rarelly, you might find referrences to mixed rate mortgage, when the loan will have fixed rate for some period and variable after that period.
